class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # How Do You Do, Fellow Kids? ## ‘New Teachers’ in Twitter #ntchat ### K. Bret Staudt Willet, Lauren M. Bagdy ### October 22, 2019 --- class: inverse, center, middle **Access our slide deck here:** https://bretsw.github.io/ntchat/ **Follow us on Twitter:** [@bretsw](https://twitter.com/bretsw) and [@LaurenBagdy](https://twitter.com/LaurenBagdy) --- class: inverse, center, middle # Twitter in Education --- # Twitter: Group Behavior <img src="img/group-behavior.jpg" width="720px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Twitter: Alone Together <img src="img/alone-together.jpg" width="720px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Twitter: Identity and Anonymity <img src="img/anonymous.jpg" width="720px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Twitter: Mediated Reality <img src="img/mediated-reality.jpg" width="720px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Twitter Content <img src="img/tweet-example.png" width="600px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Twitter Hashtags <img src="img/hashtag.jpg" width="300px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> ### Many different uses! * topical index: #Teaching -- * humor and wit: #CoolTeacher -- * synchronous chats: #SatChat -- * "space" for ongoing discussions: #Edchat, #ITeachMath --- class: inverse, center, middle # #ntchat **"new teacher chat"** Wednesdays 8:00-9:00pm EST on Twitter --- class: inverse, center, middle # Purpose --- # Purpose The purpose of this study was to: -- * examine Twitter #ntchat -- * understand more about participants -- * understand how participants are using #ntchat -- * work-in-progress! <img src="img/construction.jpg" width="450px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Research Questions <img src="img/question.jpg" width="480" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- 1. What are participants doing in #ntchat? -- 1. Who is contributing to #ntchat? --- class: inverse, center, middle # Method --- # Data Collection * We collected tweets with a `Twitter Archiving Google Sheet (TAGS)` (Hawksey, 2014) -- * all tweets containing the keyword text "#ntchat" -- * May 1, 2018 to October 1, 2019 (17 months) -- * We obtained tweet metadata using the `rtweet` R package (Kearney, 2018) --- # Data Analysis ### Quantitative Analysis -- * We calculated statistical analyses using R --- # Data Analysis ### Qualitative Analysis of Tweets -- * We randomly sampled 200 tweets from #ntchat posts and replies -- * We used an a priori coding scheme (see Staudt Willet, 2019) -- * Categories of tweet purposes related to: 1. *self* - promoting one’s own work 1. *others* - highlighting the work of peers 1. *mutual engagement* - discussing ideas or collaborating 1. *miscellaneous* - anything not captured by the first three categories—such as news, didactic content, and tweets that were off topic -- * We checked inter-rater reliability (IRR): -- * *percent agreement* was 84.50% * *Cohen’s kappa* was .75, suggesting substantial agreement (Landis & Koch, 1977) --- # Data Analysis ### Qualitative Analysis of Tweeters -- * We used the same random sample of 200 #ntchat tweets, resulting in 104 tweeters -- * Categories of tweeters: 1. *pre-service and newly in-service teachers* 1. *teacher educators* 1. *educational technology companies and organizations* 1. *teacher* 1. *administrator* 1. *other/unknown* -- * We checked inter-rater reliability (IRR): -- * because categories were not mutually exclusive, IRR scores were calculated for each category * *percent agreement* ranged from 91.35% to 98.08% * *Cohen’s kappa* ranged from .71 to .96, suggesting substantial to almost perfect agreement (Landis & Koch, 1977) --- class: inverse, center, middle # Results --- # Results ### RQ1. What are participants doing in #ntchat? -- * 17 months of #ntchat tweets -- * 16,012 different tweeters created 48,421 unique tweets -- * We wanted to focus on **contributions** to #ntchat -- * original posts * replies * *NOT* retweets -- * 1,511 (9.44% of all tweeters) different tweeters created 16,693 (34.47% of all tweets) unique tweets --- # Results ### RQ1. What are participants doing in #ntchat? -- * mean contribution of **tweets per tweeter** was 11.05 (*SD* = 67.54) * median was 1 * range was 1 to 1,924 -- * 47.65% of contributors tweeted to #ntchat only once in nine months -- * 92.58% of contributors tweeted to #ntchat less than an average of once per month -- * 50.94% of #ntchat tweets were **retweeted** * mean *retweets* per tweet was 2.12 (*SD* = 12.80) * median was 1 * range was 0 to 699 -- * 71.01% of #ntchat tweets were **liked** * mean *likes* per tweet was 4.76 (*SD* = 27.02) * median was 1 * range was 0 to 1,639 --- # Results ### RQ1. What are participants doing in #ntchat? -- * 49.00% of tweet purposes related to **self** -- * 36.00% of tweet purposes related to **others** -- * 15.00% of tweet purposes related to **mutual engagement** -- * no tweets were categorized as **miscellaneous** -- **Visualization of these results (with 95% confidence-interval margins of error) -->** --- # Results ### RQ1. What are participants doing in #ntchat? <img src="img/tweet-proportion-by-purpose.png" width="720px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Results ### RQ2. Who is contributing to #ntchat? -- * 35.58% of #ntchat tweeters were **educational technology companies and organizations** -- * 31.73% of #ntchat tweeters were **educational consultants, speakers, authors, and trainers** -- * 22.12% of #ntchat tweeters identified themselves with the broad category of **teacher** -- * 11.54% of #ntchat tweeters were **administrators** -- * 5.77% of #ntchat tweeters were **pre-service and newly in-service teachers** -- * 2.88% of #ntchat tweeters were **teacher educators** -- * 1.92% of #ntchat tweeters were **other/unknown** -- **Visualization of these results (with 95% confidence-interval margins of error) -->** --- # Results ### RQ2. Who is contributing to #ntchat? <img src="img/tweeter-proportion-by-vocation.png" width="720px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: inverse, center, middle # Significance --- # Participation Inequality <img src="img/participation-inequality.jpg" width="720px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- **What does this mean for creating a "community" online?** --- # Unintended Audiences <img src="img/buscemi.png" width="720px" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- **What does this mean for new teachers seeking professional learning supports?** --- # Future Research <img src="img/future-research.jpg" width="600" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> -- * self-reports -- * comparison: #ntchat, #NT2t -- * longitudinal: #ntchat over the years --- class: inverse, center, middle # Where do new teachers seek support? *(Audience Discussion)* --- class: inverse, center, middle # Questions? Bret Staudt Willet: [staudtwi@msu.edu](mailto:staudtwi@msu.edu) Lauren Bagdy: [lbagdy@fsu.edu](mailto:lbagdy@fsu.edu) The Github repository for this presentation is https://github.com/bretsw/ntchat